7/27/2015

Raising Chicago

The City of Chicago was raised from  4 to 14 feet.  The homes were jacked up, and new basement foundations were built underneath.  The streets and sidewalks were also raised.  This massive effort was done not because of rising water levels but to get enough elevation to drain the city.

Coast cities can follow this model, or abandon coastal areas.  And this will be driven by the value of the land.  Many coastal areas are very valuable and will be raised - when it becomes absolutely clear that they must be raised,  and not before. It is at that time that property owners and governments will be galvanized into action.




Chicago was built on a swamp adjacent to Lake Michigan and the Chicago River. Poor drainage caused flooding and typhoid fever and dysentery were major problems. Streets often became impassable.

In 1856, engineer Ellis Chesbrough wrote an ambitious plan to correct the problem. A new sewerage system was proposed and much of the entire city had to be lifted so that the system would drain by gravity. The plan was adopted by the City. Part of the plan was to raise the elevation of most of the buildings and streets to provide sufficient fall to drain. The illustration above shows the raising of one major building.


Raising a block of buildings on Lake Street

Contractors lifted half a city block on Lake Street, between Clark Street and LaSalle Street.  Businesses continued to operate and people came continued to use the buildings went, shopped and worked in them. In five days the entire assembly was elevated 4 feet 8 inches clear in the air by a team consisting of six hundred men using six thousand jackscrews, ready for new foundation walls to be built underneath. The spectacle drew crowds of thousands, who were on the final day permitted to walk at the old ground level, among the jacks.


 Chicago's buildings were jacked up 4 to 14 feet.  New foundations were built beneath them.  New storm sewers were placed on top of the streets and the streets were filled up to the level of the front doors of the raised buildings.

 
Many smaller structures were simply moved a new location. "Never a day passed," noted a visitor at the time, "that I did not meet one or more houses shifting their quarters. One day I met nine."

The raising of Chicago showed the energy can can do spirit of the rapidly growing city.  "Nothing," noted an early historian, "better illustrates the energy and determination with which the makers of Chicago set about a task when once they had made up their minds, than the speed and thoroughness with which they solved the problem of the city's drainage and sewage."

  1. Raising of Chicago - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_of_Chicago‎

      In January 1858, the first masonry building in Chicago to be thus raised—a four ...Street—was lifted on two hundred jackscrews to its new grade, which was 6  ...

    Street Grades, Raising - Encyclopedia of Chicago


    1. www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1202.html‎

      In the late 1850s, the streets on most of the South Side and parts of the North and West Sides were raised by an average of between four and five feet, though in ...

    Ask Geoffrey: 10/29 | Chicago Tonight | WTTW


    1. chicagotonight.wttw.com/2012/.../ask-geoffrey-102...‎

      Oct 29, 2012
      Ask Geoffrey: 10/29. Chicago Tonight | October 29, 2012 12:05 pm ... Encyclopedia of Chicago article on Street Grades, Raising· Gaper's Block article on City  ...

    Raising the Chicago streets out of the mud - chicagotribune.com


    1. www.chicagotribune.com › News › Politics‎

      The task of raising the Briggs House, a hotel at Randolph and Wells Streets, ... The city tried grading its streets so that water ran into the Chicago River, and  ...

    Raising Chicago : chicagology


    1. chicagology.com/raising/‎

      The entire front of first-class buildings on the north side of Lake Street between La Salle and Clark streets is now rising to grade at the rate of about twelve inches  ...

    Chicago: its history and its builders ... - Page 7 - Google Books Result


    1. books.google.com/books?id=ghcVAAAAYAAJ
      Josiah Seymour Currey - 1918
      Raising the grade of the streets was one of the remarkable features of the city's growth,... The Chicago Tribune of April 9th, 1857, took up the subject vigorously.

    City Streets: How Chicago Raised Itself Out of the Mud and ...


    1. gapersblock.com/.../city_streets_how_chicago_raised_itself_out_of_the_...‎

      May 5, 2005 - In 1855 and 1856, the city passed a series of ordinances ordering thegrade level of the streets to be raised between four and 14 feet.


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